164 More than 200 types of cells are found in human bodies. Human cells have varying sizes and densities. Most cells in humans are so small that they can only be seen under a microscope. Cells are in a continuous state of change and replication. Different types of cells divide and multiply at different speeds. These factors make it difficult for scientists to know the number of cells in one person. However, recent estimates put the number at a whopping 36 trillion cells for an adult male. All this change and replication can be a good thing when it comes to healing. In normal functioning, cells are constantly renewing the human body toward health and wellness. How Many Cells? You have more cells in your body than there are stars in the Milky Way—trillions more, in fact! Scientists estimate that there are between 100 to 400 billion stars in the Milky Way. In comparison, every human body has trillions of cells. One trillion is equal to 1,000 billion. MATHEMATICS Microscopes allow the structures of cells to become visible to human eyes. These are what human cheek cells look like! 8 How Cells Come Together In human bodies, various combinations of cells join to form tissues. Some examples of tissues are blood, muscles, fat, and bones. Organs, such as the liver and heart, are made up of several kinds of tissues. Each organ performs a specific function. For example, the lungs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Together, organs and tissues make up bodily systems. These systems complete more complex tasks, such as digesting food or controlling bodily movements. Systems keep human bodies stable and healthy, all while supporting the tasks of daily life. Understanding these systems allows us to learn what happens in the body in a healthy state. heart tissue cells small intestine cells bone marrow cells 9 STEAM Content-Area Literacy SMITHSONIAN STEAM READERS Grades K–8 Lexile® NP–860L Connect the Components of STEAM Learning to Ignite Curiosity and Build Content Knowledge. Teacher Created Materials has partnered with the Smithsonian Institution to develop these reader collections. Created to encourage independent learning and problem-solving, these STEAM lessons, culminating activities, and STEAM challenges power students’ creativity and interests in innovation. The result? Enrichment learning for students that ignites their interest in all things STEAM. This series: • Delivers immersive learning across the STEAM spectrum and engages students in the engineering design process. • Captures student interest through experiential learning, as learners fail, try again, and succeed through design and innovation. • Emphasizes the power of persistence, so students experience success and understand how they can help change the world around them. Unit 2: History & Culture Organisms decay over time. Mummif cation helps preserve organisms. Organisms decay over time. Mummif cation helps preserve organisms. 3 © Teacher Created Materials 29002 (i21019)—Smithsonian Readers: STEAM: Making a Mummy ◗ Making a Mummy books ◗ copies of student activity sheets (pages 9–19) ◗ chart paper (optional) ◗ STEAM Challenge materials include but are not limited to the following: ✓ cardboard pieces ✓ foam pieces ✓ fragile item that breaks when dropped from a height of 1 meter (e.g., linking cubes, building blocks) ✓ glue ✓ packing peanuts ✓ scrap paper ✓ straws ✓ tape ✓ toothpicks ◗ Reading: Describe the relationship between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical procedures in a text, using language that pertains to time, sequence, and cause/effect. ◗ Writing: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly. ◗ Speaking and Listening: Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners on grade-appropriate topics and texts, building on and expressing ideas clearly. ◗ Engineering: Define an engineering problem, design and evaluate solutions, and optimize a design based on test results. Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Lesson Timeline Lesson Timeline Lesson Timeline Lesson Timeline Lesson Timeline Lesson Timeline Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Phenomena Materials Materials Materials Materials Materials Materials Making a Mummy Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5–10 Introductory and Before Reading Activities (page 4) During Reading Activities (page 5) Af er Reading Activities (page 5) STEAM Challenge and Assessments (pages 6–8) Def ne the STEAM Challenge, and practice using text features. Research mummies, identify sequential connections in the text, and brainstorm design solutions. Write a summary using sequencing words. Design, build, test, improve, ref ect on, and share a box for mummy transport. Complete the assessments. but are not limited to the following: SPANISH AVAILABLE Text Cards STEAM Challenges for each reader and text card, plus a culminating challenge for each kit. Standards-Based Lessons Digital Resources Nonfiction Content-Area Books Final STEAM Challenge Rubric Directions: Evaluate each item on a scale of 4 to 1. 4 = Great 3 = Good 2 = Okay 1 = Needs Improvement Categories Scores Content Words and pictures explained all parts of the engineering design process. 4 3 2 1 Design Design and improvements adequately attempted to solve the problem. 4 3 2 1 Teamwork All team members helped prepare and present work. 4 3 2 1 Presentation Team members spoke in loud, clear voices. 4 3 2 1 i23914 i23914_Culminating Activity_Student Procedures.indd 2 10/23/18 7:45 AM 28 28 Constraints: Use no more than five materials, such as cardboard pieces, tape, glue, packing peanuts, straws, toothpicks, foam pieces, or scrap paper. Criteria: Your model must protect a fragile item when dropped from a height of 1 meter (3 feet). Define the Problem A mummified cat has been found near the ancient city of Thebes. You have been hired to build a box to ship the mummy safely to a museum. Before the mummy is shipped, you must test your model to prove it will protect the mummy.
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